DoS (Denial of Service)

DoS or Denial of Service is an attack that seeks to make a machine or network unavailable to its intended users.

Attacks are accomplished in a few different ways; the most typical is to flood the machine or network with large amounts of requests in an attempt to overload the system; flooding the server of requests prevents legitimate requests from being processed; this is the “denial of service” because your request cannot be processed.

In the U.S., a denial of service attack is illegal. It may be considered a federal crime, falling under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, with penalties that include years of imprisonment.

Types of Attacks

There are many types of DoS attacks, one of them is called a DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service). Attackers will first start preparing the attack by building a “BotNet” or a network of infected machines; they accomplish this by spreading malicious software through emails, websites, and social media; the Botnet is then controlled remotely, sending an overwhelming amount of requests to a server, taking it down.

Botnet

Botnets can also be sold sometimes for cheap, which means that anyone from anywhere in the world can attack and bring down a website, big or small.

Dos Attack

One efficiently executed DoS attack type is launched from a single origin. A single device/computer issues a barrage of network requests for a target victim machine. For example, a person can ICMP flooding via ping requests or HTTP requests against a web server bringing it down.

In a DDoS attack, the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from hundreds of thousands of sources. When spreading across many points of origin, distinguishing legitimate user traffic from attack traffic is very hard. One effective way to stop the attack is blocking a single IP address.

There are some steps you can take to reduce these attacks:

Install and maintain antivirus software.
Install a firewall to restrict coming into and leaving your computer.
Follow good security practices for distributing your email address.

DoS attack is not a result of the theft of information

Yes, DoS is not necessarily theft or loss of security; it can cost the person or company much time and money. DoS can also affect computer systems by destroying programs and files. Sometimes DoS forces websites accessed by millions of people temporarily drop operations.

A denial of service attack is also an incident in which a user or organization is deprived of the services of a resource they would expect to have. And like viruses, DoS attacks are constantly being dreamed up by hackers. Some examples of DoS attacks are the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, which exploit limitations in the TCP/IP protocols.

Websites not available

Denial service attacks cause shutting down major websites across the internet. This problem can mainly affect customers’ companies. In a denial of service attack, an attacker attempts to prevent users from accessing information or services. By targeting computer and network connections, the attacker can prevent users from accessing emails, websites, and online accounts.

The symptoms of DoS are when someone takes a single IP address and floods the server with requests. Such places require the most amount of resources. The number of requests where more RAM is needed and when it fills up, SWAP starts being used to handle those requests. SWAP is a Linux term for virtual memory; it’s temporary space on the hard disk used for RAM overflow.

Unable to Process a Web Page

Usually, SWAP is only used for processes that are idle for long periods, while the physical RAM handles active processes. Once SWAP starts being used for active processes, it makes things much harder for the CPU to handle because SWAP, stored on the hard disk, is much slower than physical RAM. In some cases, more RAM will allow your server to handle some DDOS attacks better – to a point.

Then there’s the point when more RAM can’t help you, and the CPU can’t handle the requests. In this case, it’s either a better server with a better CPU or server load balancing, which distributes the attack (or traffic) across multiple servers. Sometimes it may not be a DDOS attack. It could be a very aggressive search engine bot trying to index a site.

Shared Hosting

If you’re on shared hosting, this can happen to any of the clients hosted on the same server, affecting you. It can also be the total amount of traffic the server adds up between the clients on that server.

Blocking IP Addresses

If you get attacked from a single IP address, you can quite effectively the threat by blocking that IP address from getting to your site through the server config. It can be stopped at the router/switch in the worst scenario. Multiple IP addresses can be tricky; sometimes, the only thing you can do in that case is load balancing. Denial of service occurs when a system is overwhelmed in such a way that messages can not be processed, or they can be processed very slowly.

There have been many recorded DDoS attacks on companies, one reasonably major one occurring in January 2016 on the CNN website. The episode reached a peak of 602 Gbps, almost double that of the previous record, this effectively brought the CNN website down, and a group called New World Hacking claimed responsibility.

Hacker Groups

Many hacker groups regularly attack websites, the most infamous of these being: Lizard Squad, Syrian Electronic Army, LulzSec, Anonymous, The Level Seven Crew, NCPH, CCC, global Hell, Iran’s Tarh Andishan, and TeaMp0isoN. Lizard Squad is infamous for their well known for their attack on Xbox One and PlayStation, which took both systems down on Christmas of 2014 and caused a lot of unrest because they stole over 100 terabytes of data from Sony.

Syrian Electronic Army

The Syrian Electronic Army has been known to target opposing political groups while they support Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. LulzSec was eventually shut down but is known for its attacks on companies such as Fox, X-Factor U.S., PBS, Bethesda Studios, and the Playstation Network.

Anonymous

Probably the most infamous of all is Anonymous which is seen by many as good hackers because they have made many significant attacks against things such as the Church of Scientology. They attacked The Church of Scientology in response to them trying to remove material from an interview with Tom Cruise, a known Scientologist.

Another good deed that Anonymous accomplished was when they attacked sites on the deep web, often used by pedophiles for things such as child pornography, or when BART police shot an unarmed passenger. Retaliate Anonymous released the info of many users on MYBART.org and even went as far as to release nude photos of the company’s spokesman.

HBGary Federal’s CEO claimed to have gotten the members of Anonymous’s details and would release them to the public.

Anonymous did not like this for obvious reasons and retaliated by hacking into their website and copying thousands of documents, which they released online when the FBI shut down MegaUpload due to copyright reasons. Anonymous retaliated in a sort, shutting down the Motion Picture Association of America and the Recording Industry’s websites.

Another example is when Trump publicly stated that he wanted all Muslims banned from entering the United States of America; Anonymous retaliated by shutting down the Trump Tower website.

Denial of service attacks has become a significant threat to computer networks.

Companies use the DoS attack to knock out their competitive companies. Attackers threaten online businesses with DoS attacks and ask for payment for protection. For example, normal computer users can also become DoS attackers when they express their views against organizations with policies they disagree.

A denial of service attack is an effort to make a computer system unavailable. It is targeted at web servers, mail servers, and name servers. When servers have firewalls or other web security software installed, it is easy to lock out individual systems. Therefore, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack coordinates multiple systems in a simultaneous attack.

DDoS attack tells all coordinated systems to send a stream of requests to a specific server simultaneously. When a server cannot respond to those requests, denial-of-service attacks succeed. They can be a simple ping or a complex series of packets.

DoS is a significant issue that needs better tools to prevent it; with the current “informational age,” people’s personal information is widespread on the internet. We should take steps to help protect it from malicious sources.

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